US EnergyData

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1990
2024
Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) – State Electricity Profiles; CO₂ emissions and net generation data
Note: Generation shown here is utility-scale only — facilities of 1 MW or greater, as reported by the EIA. It excludes small-scale (distributed) solar, such as rooftop panels, which the EIA estimates separately; see Small- and utility-scale solar.
Regions: See more on how regions are aggregated.

What this data measures

The carbon dioxide intensity of electricity generation by state, measured in pounds of CO₂ per megawatt-hour. This reflects the greenhouse gas emissions associated with producing a unit of electricity, which depends on the fuel mix used to generate it.

How this data is constructed

Carbon intensity is derived from the EIA State Electricity Profiles, which provide annual CO₂ emissions from electricity generation and total net generation by state. Carbon intensity is computed by dividing reported CO₂ emissions by total net generation.

The EIA's emissions estimates use generation data from Form EIA-923 combined with fuel-type-specific emission factors.

Source
U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Electricity Profiles
Date range
1990–2024
Unit
Pounds of CO₂ per megawatt-hour (lbs CO₂/MWh)
Last updated
Fall 2025
Next update
Annual — expected fall 2026